NOTES

1. Herbert Spencer, Social Status, 1850, pp. 414-415
2. Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, Rev. Ed. , Boston : Beacon Press, 1955, p. 41
3. Mark Kingwell, "Competitive States of America, Microsoft proves it : we're still wrestling with that treasured national ideal," New York Times, 25 juin 2000 ; http://www.spaceship-earth.org/Letters/Editor/Competitive_States_of_America.htm
4. "Modern History Sourcebook: William Graham Sumner (1840-1910): "The Challenge of Facts;" http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1914sumner.html
5. Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1981, p. 72
6. Francis Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, D. Appleton and Co., 1896, vol. 2, p. 294
7. "Darwin as Epicurean: An Interview with Benjamin Wiker," http://www.touchstonemag.com/docs/issues/15.8docs/15-8pg43.html
8. Thomas Malthus, Essai sur le principe de population 2, GF Flammarion, 1992, Paris, pp. 229-230
9. Thomas Malthus, Essai sur le principe de population 2, GF Flammarion, 1992, Paris, pp. 257-259, 229
10. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press, 1957, p. 112
11. Ibid.
12. Sir Gavin de Beer, Charles Darwin, Londres : Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1963
13. Charles Darwin, L'origine des espèces, GF Flammarion, 1992, Paris p. 13
14. Ibid.
15. Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, p. 88
16. Ian Taylor, "Historical Sketch: Robert Thomas Malthus (1766-1834);" http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v04n3p18.htm
17. Ian Taylor, In the Minds of Men, Toronto: TFE Publishing, 3ème éd., 1991, p. 65
18. Jerry Bergman, "Darwin's Influence on Ruthless Laissez Faire Capitalism," Mars 2001 ; http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-333.htm
19. Robert Hunter, Poverty, New York: Torchbooks, 1965
20. Jeanne Stellman, Susan Daum, Work is Dangerous to Your Health, New York: Random House Vintage Books, 1973
21. Otto Bettmann, The Good Old Days! They Were Terrible! New York: Random House, 1974, p. 68
22. Ibid., p. 70
23. Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States, New York: Harper Collins, 1999, p. 255
24. Ibid.
25. Bettmann, The Good Old Days! They Were Terrible!, p. 71
26. Ibid.
27. Kenneth Hsu, The Great Dying; Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs and the Theory of Evolution, New York, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1986, p. 10
28. Joseph F. Wall, Andrew Carnegie, New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, p. 364
29. Richard Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution, 1990, p. 72
30. Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 389
31. William Ghent, Our Benevolent Feudalism, New York: Macmillan, 1902, p. 29
32. Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, p. 49
33. Isaac Asimov, The Golden Door: The United States from 1876 to 1918, Boston: Houston Mifflin Company, 1977, p. 94
34. Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution, p. 412
35. Stephen T. Asma, "The New Social Darwinism: Deserving Your Destitution", The Humanist, 1993, 53(5):11, 10/3
36. Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Adab Al-Mufrad; al-Hakim et al-Baihaqi
37. Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1970, pp. 30, 32 ; Jerry Bergman, "Eugenics and Nazi Racial Policy," p. 118
38. Sidney M. Mintz, American Scientist, vol.60, Mai/Juin 1972, p. 387
39. John C. Burham, Science, vol.175, 4 février 1972, p. 506
40. Edwin G. Conklin, The Direction of Human Evolution, New York, NY: Scribner's, 1921, p. 34
41. "Evolution and Ethnicity"; http://www.ncl.ac.uk/lifelong-learning/distrib/darwin/08.htm
42. George Gaylord Simpson, "The Biological Nature of Man", Science, vol.152 (22 avril 1966), p. 475
43. Henry Fairfield Osborn, "The Evolution of Human Races", Natural History, Janvier/Février 1926; 2ème éd. Natural History, vol. 89, April 1980, p. 129
44. James Ferguson, "The Laboratory of Racism", New Scientist, vol. 103, 27 septembre 27, 1984, p. 18
45. Stephen Jay Gould, "Human Equality is a Contingent Fact of History", Natural History, vol. 93, Novembre 1984, p. 28
46. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Syllepse, Paris, p. 246
47. Matt Ridley, Nature Via Nurture, Chapter One, "The Paragon of Animals"
48. Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, edited David Amigoni, London: Wordsworth, 1997, p. 477
49. "Evolution and Ethnicity"; http://www.ncl.ac.uk/lifelong-learning/distrib/darwin/08.htm
50. Francis Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, vol. I, 1888. New York:D. Appleton and Company, pp. 285-286
51. Stephen Jay Gould, Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1977, p. 127
52. Thomas Huxley, Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews, New York, NY: Appleton, 1871, p. 20
53. Robert Lee Hotz, "Race has no Basis in Biology, Researchers Say", Los Angeles Times, 20 février 1997
54. Ibid.
55. Natalie Angier, "Do Races Differ? Not Really, DNA Shows", New York Times, 22 août 2000
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Tony Fitzpatrick, "Genetically Speaking, Race Doesn't Exist in Humans"; http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/1998-10/WUiS-GSRD-071098.php (soulignement ajouté)
59. Ibid.
60. Sribala Subramanian, "The Story in Our Genes"; Time, 16 janvier 1995, p. 38
61. Ibid.
62. Jim Knapp, Imperialism: The Struggle to Be Superior, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jimknapp/papers/Imperialism.html
63. Encyclopedia Britannica, 1946 edition, vol. 12, p. 122A
64. Gertrude Himmelfarb, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution, Elephant Paperbacks, Chicago:1996, p. 416
65. Hans-Ulrich Wehler, The German Empire, 180; http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Rampart/4871/Darwin.html
66. T. D. Hall, "The Scientific Background of the Nazi ‘Race Purification’ Program, US & German Eugenics, Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide, and Population Control"; http://www.trufax.org/avoid/nazi.html
67. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, pp. 274-275
68. Karl Pearson, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900, pp. 11-16, 20-23, 36-37, 43-44
69. Ibid.
70. John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, vol. 2: From the French Revolution to the Present, pp. 990-991
71. Pearson, National Life from the Standpoint of Science
72. Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution, p. 59
73. Oscar Levy, Complete Works of Nietzsche, 1930, vol. 2, p. 75
74. Himmelfarb, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution, p. 417
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid.
77. W. Carr, A History of Germany 1815-1990, 4ème éd, p. 205
78. Ibid., p. 208
79. Levy, Complete Works of Nietzsche, vol. 2, p. 75
80. H. Enoch, Evolution or Creation (1966), pp. 147-148
81. Max Nordau, "The Philosophy and Morals of War", North American Review, 169 (1889), p. 794
82. Jacques Barzun, Darwin, Marx, Wagner, Garden City, N.Y. :Doubleday, 1958, pp. 92-93
83. Ibid., pp. 92-95
84. Alexander Kimel, "Nazi Terror"; http://www.kimel.net/terror.html
85. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz, pp. 30-32
86. A. Chase, The Legacy of Malthus; The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980, p. 349
87. Arthur Keith, Evolution and Ethics, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1946, p. 230
88. The Nuremberg Trials, vol. 14, Washington D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 279
89. J. Tenenbaum, Race and Reich, New York: Twayne Pub., 1956, p. 211
90. Adolf Hitler, Um das Schicksal der Nation, in B. Dusik (ed.), Hitler. Reden Schriften Anordnungen. Februar 1925 bis Januar 1933, vol. 2(2), Munich, 1992, Doc 245
91. Robert Clark, Darwin: Before and After, Grand Rapids International Press, Grand Rapids, MI, 1958, p. 115
92. Beate Wilder-Smith, The Day Nazi Germany Died, Master Books, San Diego, CA, 1982, p. 27
93. George J. Stein, "Biological Science and the Roots of Nazism", American Scientist 76(1): 50–58, 1988, p. 51
94. Ibid., p. 56
95. H. Rauschning, The Revolution of Nihilism, New York: Alliance Book Corp., 1939
96. Keith, Evolution and Ethics, p. 230
97. Ibid., p. 105
98. Peter Hoffman, Hitler's Personal Security, Londres: Pergamon Press, 1979, p. 264
99. Clark, Darwin: Before and After, pp. 115-116
100. A. E. Wiggam, The New Dialogue of Science, Garden City, NY: Garden Publishing Co., 1922, p. 102
101. Ernst Haeckel, The History of Creation: Or the Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes, New York: Appleton, 1876, p. 170
102. Stein, "Biological Science and the Roots of Nazism", American Scientist, p. 56 ; Ernst Haeckel, The Wonders of Life; A Popular Study of Biological Philosophy, New York: Harper, 1905, p. 116
103. K. Ludmerer, Eugenics, dans: Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Edited by Mark Lappe, New York: The Free Press, 1978, p. 457
104. Thomas Robert Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, 6ème éd., 1826, basé sur la seconde édition (1803)
105. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, p. 222
106. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, p. 222
107. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, p. 738-741
108. Allan Chase, The Legacy of Malthus, Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1980, p. 136
109. Francis Galton, Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences, London: Macmillan, 1892, p. 330
110. Joseph L. Graves Jr., The Emperor's New Clothes, Rutgers Universtiy Press, 2001, p. 96
111. Ibid., p. 99
112. Ibid.
113. Nature 116 (1925), p. 456.
114. Bernhard Schreiber, The Men Behind Hitler - A German Warning to the World, p. 18
115. Bob Brown, "Va. House Voices Regret for Eugenics", Washington Post, 3 février 2001
116. Graves, Jr., The Emperor's New Clothes, pp. 116-117
117. Ibid., p. 119
118. Ian Kershaw, Hitler, New York: W.W Norton & Company, 1998, p. 134
119. R. Youngson, Scientific Blunders; A Brief History of How Wrong Scientists Can Sometimes Be, New York: Carroll and Graf Pub., 1998
120. A. Hitler, Hitler's Secret Conversations 1941–1944, With an introductory essay on The Mind of Adolf Hitler by H.R. Trevor-Roper, New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1953, p. 116
121. Ibid.
122. Schreiber, The Men Behind Hitler
123. Ibid.
124. J. C. Fest, The Face of the Third Reich, New York: Pantheon, 1970, pp. 99–100
125. Jerry Bergman, "Darwinism and the Nazi Race Holocaust"; http://home.christianity.com/worldviews/52476.html
126. Schreiber, The Men Behind Hitler
127. Ibid.
128. Ibid.
129. Ibid.
130. Ibid.
131. Ibid.
132. Ibid.
133. Ibid.
134. Graves, Jr., The Emperor's New Clothes, p. 128
135. Doc. Dr. Haydar Sur, "Saglik Hizmetlerinin Gecmisi ve Gelisimi"; http://www.merih.net/m1/whaysur12.htm
136. "Osmanlıda İlim"; http://www.mihr.com/mihr/osm/sistem/ilim.htm
137. Jerry Bergman, "The History of Evolution's Teaching of Women's Inferiority"; http://www.rae.org/women.html
Dans son article, Bergman - auteur de plus de 400 articles parus dans nombre de journaux scientifiques et critique célèbre du darwinisme - examina le point de vue de Darwin et de ses contemporains évolutionnistes à l'égard des femmes. Il compila certaines de leurs déclarations méprisantes, dévoilant avec des preuves solides à l'appui, une facette inconnue de Darwin et du darwinisme.
138. Evelleen Richards, "Will the Real Charles Darwin Please Stand Up?", New Scientist, (22/29 déc. 1983) : p. 887
139. EIaine Morgan, The Descent of Woman, New York: Stein and Day, 1972, p. 1
140. John R. Durant, "The Ascent of Nature in Darwin's Descent of Man" in The Darwinian Heritage, Ed. by David Kohn, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985, p. 295
141. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, p. 683
142. Charles Darwin, The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1958, pp. 232-233
143. Ibid.
144. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, p. 683
145. Carl Vogt, Lectures on Man: His Place in Creation, and the History of Earth, edited by James Hunt, Londres : Paternoster Row, Longman, Green, Longman, et Roberts, 1864, xv, p. 192
146. Stephanie A. Shields, "Functionalism, Darwinism, and the Psychology of Women: A Study in Social Myth", American Psychologist, no. 1 (1975): p. 749
147. Evelleen Richards, "Darwin and the Descent of Women", dans The Wider Domain of Evolutionary Thought de David Oldroyd et Ian Langham (Eds.), (Hollande : D. Reidel, 1983), p. 75
148. Ibid., pp. 74, 49
149. Charles Darwin, La filiation de l’homme et la sélection liée au sexe, Editions Syllepse, Paris, p. 138-139
150. Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, p. 83
151. Ibid., pp. 83, 188
152. Ibid., p. 104
153. Ibid.